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Correspondence
17 (
1
); 69-72
doi:
10.4103/JCAS.JCAS_83_23

Patient Perspectives on Hidradenitis Suppurativa-induced Scarring and Laser Therapy

Division of Dermatology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx New York, USA

Address for correspondence: Ms. Michelle Toker, Division of Dermatology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, USA. E-mail: michelle.toker@einsteinmed.edu

Licence
This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
Disclaimer:
This article was originally published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow and was migrated to Scientific Scholar after the change of Publisher.

Dear Editor,

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, debilitating condition characterized by nodules, abscesses, and sinus tracts, typically in the axillae, groin, and inframammary regions, leading to extensive scarring.[1] HS has established physical, social, and psychological consequences, and is associated with significantly lower body image quality of life (QOL) compared with other chronic dermatological conditions.[2] However, limited data exist regarding the direct impact of HS-related scarring. Laser and energy-based technologies, including plasma-radiofrequency ablation, fractionated carbon dioxide laser, and 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser, may be effective, noninvasive treatments for HS and residual scarring, with benefits such as reduction of hypertrophic scar thickness and improved texture.[3-5] We sought to explore the impact of HS scarring and assess patient attitudes about laser therapy.

Thirty-five adult patients with visible HS-related scars were consented and recruited from our HS Center to participate in an anonymous, IRB-approved, 24-question survey from August 2022 to February 2023 [Appendix 1].

Demographics and self-reported disease metrics were collected [Table 1]. The mean participant age was 33.6 ± 10.8 years (range 18–61) and most were female (82.9%). The most commonly affected sites were axillae (85.7%) and groin (71.4%). Regarding disease severity, 28.6% of participants reported they had mild HS, 48.6% reported moderate HS, and 20.0% reported severe HS. Three participants (8.6%) had previously tried laser hair removal for HS.

Table 1 Participant demographics and self-reported disease metrics
Demographics x̄ ± SD; N (%) N (%)
Age (years) 33.6 ± 10.8
Sex Male 6 (17.1%) Female 29 (82.9%)
Race American Indian or Alaskan Native 1 (2.9%) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 0 (0.0%)
Asian 2 (5.7%) White 7 (20.0%)
Black or African American 19 (54.3%) Other 6 (17.1%)
Ethnicity Hispanic 11 (31.4%) Non-Hispanic 24 (68.6%)
Self-reported disease metrics x̄ ± SD; N (%) N (%)
Disease severity Mild 10 (28.6%) Severe 7 (20.0%)
Moderate 17 (48.6%)
Disease duration <1 year 1 (2.9%) 5–10 years 6 (17.1%)
1–3 years 4 (11.4%) >10 years 18 (51.4%)
3–5 years 6 (17.1%)
Areas affected Axillae 30 (85.7%) Infra-abdominal 7 (20.0%)
Groin 25 (71.4%) Buttocks 14 (40.0%)
Inguinal 21 (60.0%) Pilonidal 4 (11.4%)
Upper inner thigh 16 (45.7%) Face 4 (11.4%)
Inframammary 15 (44.1%) Neck 4 (11.4%)
Back 1 (2.9%) Scalp 1 (2.9%)

Most participants reported their HS scars interfere with participation in physical (60.0%), social (37.1%), and sexual (62.9%) activity, and clothing choices (62.9%). Most reported their scars negatively impact self-esteem (68.6%), self-confidence (65.7%), mood (68.6%), and overall QOL (51.4%) [Table 2]. Many responded they have heard about (42.9%) and were willing to try (82.9%) laser therapy for HS scar reduction. More participants were interested to try laser (82.9%) than topical therapy (77.1%), steroid injections (60.0%), and surgical procedures (45.7%) for scar reduction. In response to the question, “What do you know about laser therapy?,” 20(57.1%) participants responded they did not know much or anything. Of the 6(17.1%) participants not willing to try laser therapy, 1(16.7%) reported the reason related to cost, 3(50.0%) reported a lack of knowledge, and 2(33.3%) reported a lack of necessity. These participants had variable disease sites, duration, and severity, and 2(33.3%) were male. Twelve (50.0%) reported they would receive laser therapy if the out-of-pocket cost were $50/month, 7(29.2%) reported $100/month, 1(4.2%) reported $500/month, and 1(4.2%) reported unlimited cost. We recognize that the single-institution, cross-sectional design, relatively small sample size, and potential response bias limit our findings.

Table 2 Participant responses to quality of life questions
HS-related scars interfere with or negatively impact… Yes N (%) No N (%)
Physical activity/sports/exercise 21 (60.0%) 14 (40.0%)
Attending beach/pool 18 (51.4%) 17 (48.6%)
Wearing bathing suit 20 (57.1%) 15 (42.9%)
Wearing clothing of choice 22 (62.9%) 13 (37.1%)
Wearing certain fabrics 17 (48.6%) 18 (51.4%)
Grooming 30 (85.7%) 5 (14.3%)
Using certain skin products 25 (71.4%) 10 (28.6%)
Work 12 (34.3%) 23 (65.7%)
Hobbies 11 (31.4%) 24 (68.6%)
Socialization 13 (37.1%) 22 (62.9%)
Attending social events 15 (42.9%) 20 (57.1%)
Going out in public 11 (31.4%) 24 (68.6%)
Dating 10 (28.6%) 25 (71.4%)
Sexual intimacy 22 (62.9%) 13 (37.1%)
Self-esteem 24 (68.6%) 11 (31.4%)
Self-confidence 23 (65.7%) 12 (34.3%)
Mood 24 (68.6%) 11 (31.4%)
Overall quality of life 18 (51.4%) 17 (48.6%)
Outlook on life 11 (31.4%) 24 (68.6%)
Which characteristics of HS-related scars bother you… Yes N (%) No N (%)
Color 28 (80.0%) 7 (20.0%)
Texture 27 (77.1%) 8 (22.9%)
Pain 31 (88.6%) 4 (11.4%)
Restriction in movement 29 (82.9%) 6 (17.1%)
Limitation of daily activities 29 (82.9%) 6 (17.1%)
Which physical manifestations of HS, other than scarring, bother you… Yes N (%) No N (%)
Dyspigmentation 25 (71.4%) 10 (28.6%)
Odor 25 (71.4%) 10 (28.6%)
Draining 34 (97.1%) 1 (2.9%)
Pain 32 (91.4%) 3 (8.6%)

In conclusion, despite HS scarring being considered a primarily cosmetic concern, patients with HS scarring are notably affected by their scars. According to our results, affected individuals demonstrate great interest in laser therapy. Given the high patient appeal, future studies assessing the comparative efficacy of laser therapies for HS-related scarring are warranted. However, as laser therapy is not typically covered by insurance, out-of-pocket costs may be limiting. In addition, a lack of patient knowledge serves as an obstacle. These conclusions introduce the need for greater patient education regarding laser therapy and efforts to increase the affordability of laser therapy for HS patients.

Ethical policy and institutional review board statement

The study design was approved by the Einstein Institutional Review Board (IRB# 2022-14265).

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

REFERENCES

  1. , . Natural history, presentation, and diagnosis of hidradenitis suppurativa. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2014;33:S51-3.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  2. , , , , , . Body image quality of life in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa compared with other dermatological disorders. Acta Derm Venereol. 2020;100:adv00107.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  3. , , . Plasma radiofrequency ablation for scar treatment. J Clin Med. 2021;11:140.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. , , , , , . Residual scarring from hidradenitis suppurativa: fractionated CO2 laser as a novel and noninvasive approach. Pediatrics. 2014;133:e248-51.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  5. , , , , , , . Histopathologic study of hidradenitis suppurativa following long-pulsed 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser treatment. Arch Dermatol. 2011;147:21-8.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Appendix 1: The Impact of Hidradenitis Suppurativa-Induced Scarring on Quality of Life Survey

The Impact of Hidradenitis Suppurativa-Induced Scarring on Quality of Life Survey

  1. What is your age? _____________

  2. What is your gender? ____________

  3. Are you of Hispanic, Latino, or of Spanish origin?

    • Yes

    • No

    • Prefer not to answer

  4. How would you describe yourself? Check all that apply.

    • American Indian or Alaska Native

    • Asian

    • Black or African American

    • Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander

    • White

    • Other (please specify): _____________

    • Prefer not to answer

  5. How long have you had HS?

    • <1 year

    • 1-3 years

    • 3-5 years

    • 5-10 years

    • >10 years

  6. How would you describe your HS disease severity?

    • Mild

    • Moderate

    • Severe

  7. Where does HS affect you? Check all that apply.

    • Axilla (underarms)

    • Groin (pubic hairline/ genitals)

    • Inguinal (bikini line/ creases)

    • Upper inner thigh

    • Inframammary (below breasts)

    • Infra-abdominal (below stomach/ stomach folds)

    • Buttocks

    • Pilonidal

    • Face

    • Neck

    • Other (please specify): ______________

  8. What treatments have you received for HS? Check all that apply.

    • Topical antibiotics (clindamycin gel/lotion, Hibiclens)

    • Oral Antibiotics (rifampin, metronidazole, levofloxaxin, doxycycline, Bactrim, etc.)

    • IV antibiotics (ertapenem, ceftazidime/avibactam, vancomycin/zosyn)

    • Hormonal agents (finasteride, spironolactone, oral contraceptives/birth control)

    • Biologics (Humira, Infliximab, Skyrizi, etc.)

    • Injections (intralesional [directly into lesions], intramuscular [directly into buttocks])

    • Oral retinoids: Isotretinoin (Accutane), acitretin

    • Incision & Drainage

    • Surgery

    • Laser hair removal

    • Other (please specify): _____________

  9. HS scars interfere with your participation in the following activities (check all that apply):

    • Physical activity/Sports/Working out/Dancing

    • Going to the beach or pool

    • Wearing a bathing suit

    • Wearing clothing of your choice

    • Wearing certain fabrics

    • Grooming (eg, shaving, waxing, deodorant)

    • Using certain skin products (eg, body soap, lotion, perfume)

    • Working

    • Hobbies

    • Being intimate with sexual partner

    • Other (please specify): _________

  10. HS scars interfere with your social life by limiting your ability to (check all that apply):

    • Socialize with friends and family

    • Attend events or parties

    • Go out in public

    • Other (please specify): _________

  11. HS scars interfere with your romantic life by limiting (check all that apply):

    • Dating

    • Meeting new partners

    • Sexual activity

    • Other (please specify): _________

  12. HS scars negatively impact your (check all that apply):

    • Self-esteem

    • Overall quality of life

    • Mood

    • Self-confidence

    • Outlook on life

    • Other (please specify): _________

  13. Which physical manifestation of HS bothers you the most? Rank from 1-6, with 1 being the most bothersome and 6 being the least bothersome.

    • _____ Scars

    • _____ Dyspigmentation

    • _____ Odor

    • _____ Draining

    • _____ Pain

    • _____ Other (please specify): _________

  14. What bothers you the most about your HS scars in general? Rank from 1-6, with 1 being the most bothersome and 6 being the least bothersome.

    • ______ Color

    • ______ Texture

    • ______ Pain

    • ______ Restriction in movement

    • ______ Limitation of daily activities

    • ______ Other: (please specify): _________

  15. How often do your HS scars interfere with your day-to-day life?

    • Every day

    • Most days

    • Some days

    • Rarely

    • Never

Questions 16-18 are on whether you agree with the following statements.

  1. My HS scars have a negative impact on my mental health.

    • Strongly Disagree

    • Disagree

    • Neither Agree nor Disagree

    • Agree

    • Strongly Agree

  2. My HS scars have a negative impact on my self-esteem.

    • Strongly Disagree

    • Disagree

    • Neither Agree nor Disagree

    • Agree

    • Strongly Agree

  3. My HS diagnosis has made me a stronger person.

    • Strongly Disagree

    • Disagree

    • Neither Agree nor Disagree

    • Agree

    • Strongly Agree

  4. Have you heard about the use of laser therapy for treating HS-related scarring?

    • Yes

    • No

  5. What do you know about laser therapy?

______________________________________________________________

  1. Would you be willing to try laser therapy for HS scar reduction?

    • Yes

    • No

  2. If you answered No to question 21, please specify why:

_______________________________________________________________

  1. If you answered Yes to question 21 and insurance does not cover laser treatment, which of the following ways would you be willing to cover the costs of the laser?

    • Out-of-pocket payment up to 50 per month

    • Out-of-pocket payment up to 100 per month

    • Out-of-pocket payment up to 500 per month

    • Out-of-pocket payment up to a certain amount per month. Please specify: _________

    • Out-of-pocket payment- any cost

    • Other (please specify): ________________

  2. Which of the following therapies would you be willing to try for HS scar reduction? (check all that apply):

    • Topical therapy

    • Steroid injections

    • Laser

    • Surgical procedures

    • Other (please specify): ________________

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