Nanotechnology is an exciting new area in science, with many possible applications in medicine. This article seeks to outline the role of different areas such as diagnosis of diseases, drug delivery, imaging, and so on.

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Fillers are generally considered safe. However side effects may happen and hence a practicing dermatologist need to be aware of such side effects, contraindicatons and precaution to be adopted while using fillers.

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Fillers are commonly used in several aesthetic indications. Though considered safe, several side effects have been reported. The role of biofilms in the causation of some of these side effects has been elucidated only recently and this article presents a short review of the subject.

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Advances in plastic and reconstructive surgery have revolutionized the management of patients suffering from disfiguring congenital abnormalities, burns and skin cancers. The demand for aesthetic surgery has increased in recent years, as our culture has become more concerned with image and appearance. Several ethical considerations such as patient's right for informed counseling, beneficience and maleficience need to be given careful consideration.

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Dermal fillers are an important tool in the armamentarium of an aesthetic dermatologist in the management of ageing skin. A surge in the use of fillers has been witnessed due to increasing awareness among people, easy availability of fillers and increased enthusiasm amongst the dermatologists and plastic surgeons to use this modality. In this era of evidence-based medicine and litigations against doctors, Dermatologists should be vigilant about different acts of omission and commission in the use of fillers. This article briefly discusses the dos and don'ts with respect to dermal fillers.

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Background : Ganglia are the most common benign cystic swellings found over both the dorsal and volar aspects of the wrist. In spite of technical advancement, both operative and non-operative interventions achieve more or less similar results. Complete evacuation of gelatinous fluid followed with intra cystic instillation of triamcinolone has given encouraging results. Aims : To assess the efficacy and safety of drainage of cyst and instillation of triamcinolone in wrist ganglion. Materials and Methods : A prospective study was conducted on patients with simple ganglion cysts on the wrist. Total of 219 patients underwent this study. Out of this, 105 patients underwent the aspiration of the cyst fluid followed by intracystic instillation of triamcinolone, and 114 patients underwent surgical excision of wrist ganglia. Two years follow up was done for recurrence. Results : Most ganglia of wrist occurred in the extensor aspect. Complications noted among the surgically excised group were post operative pain and restricted mobility of wrist with a recurrence rate of 21.5%. Instillation of Triamcinolone into the ganglion yielded early resolution with a low recurrence of 8.4%. Conclusions : Intracystic instillation of triamcinolone after complete evacuation of cyst fluid is a simple and effective technique for treatment of ganglion.

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Fournier's gangrene is a rare, fulminant, but and usually a localized disease of the scrotum and penis, with an occasional extension up to the abdominal wall. The usual organism is an anaerobic streptococcus synergistic with other organisms. A 45-year-old male presented with fever and pain and a brownish-black discolouration of the penis, of four days. Our case was unusual in that the penis was involved, which is very rare. Early therapy is the key, including hospitalization, debridement of the entire shaft of the penis distal to the devastated area, without excising the normal skin, parenteral broad-spectrum antibiotics, and skin grafting.

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The number of products available to dermatologists for soft tissue augmentation has grown significantly over the past several years in the US. This manuscript will review the various hyaluronic acid fillers and other Food and Drug Administration -approved products we are utilizing for our patients in the rejuvenation process. It is hoped that through this article clinicians will feel more comfortable using these products in their everyday practice of dermatology.

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Background : Steatocystoma multiplex (SM) is a disorder of the pilosebaceous unit characterized by multiple sebum-containing dermal cysts. Different surgical modalities like cryosurgery, aspiration, surgical excision, incision with a surgical blade or sharp-tipped cautery followed by expression of cyst contents and forceps-assisted removal of the cyst wall and carbon dioxide laser have been used in the past. Aims : To study the efficacy of a modified surgical technique in the treatment of steatocystoma multiplex. Materials and Methods : We have used a simple modified surgical technique using a radiofrequency instrument as the incision tool for the treatment of SM in two patients. Results : The results were cosmetically excellent with no complications developing during or after the procedure. No recurrences were observed after five and half months of follow-up. Conclusions : This is a simple, easy, fast office-based procedure that is associated with minimal blood loss and post inflammatory hypo or hyperpigmentation and scarring are practically absent.

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Photographs are the most preferred and easiest way of documentation of patient visual features. In aesthetic and cutaneous surgery, there is an increased need for proper photographic documentation, from a medicolegal view point. This article discusses the basic aspects of camera and photography which a dermatologist should be aware before he/she starts with clinical photography.

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Filler injections are the most common aesthetic procedures used for volume correction. Various techniques have been described in the use of fillers. This article reviews the available literature on a new technique using the intraoral approach for injection of fillers.

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Background : Expression of Interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) has been demonstrated in a variety of cancers previously. To the best of our knowledge, there is only one report about the IRF-1 expression in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) specimens, which has demonstrated increased expression of the IRF-1 gene in BCC versus normal skin. Furthermore, IRF-1 expression has not been compared between aggressive and nonaggressive subtypes of BCC before. Aims : Our aim is to examine the relation between IRF-1 staining patterns of aggressive and nonaggressive histological subtypes of BCC. Materials and Methods : Thirty-seven archival tissue specimens from 33 BCC patients were stained for cytoplasmic and nuclear IRF-1. Twenty-five tumors were grouped as nonaggressive and 12 were grouped as aggressive histological variants, according to the established criteria. Results : IRF-1 was not only expressed in tumor cells, but also in some surrounding inflammatory cells. There was no significant difference between the groups for cytoplasmic or nuclear IRF-1 staining. Aggressive or nonaggressive histological subtypes did not show any statistical difference for gender, relapse, treatment method, or localization. When staining was compared with gender, relapse, treatment method, localization, and tumor grades, no significant difference was found. Conclusions : Interferon seems to be expressed in BCCs with both aggressive and non aggressive histology. Further studies are needed to elaborate the precise diagnostic and prognostic roles and utility of interferon in the treatment of BCC.

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